Fun with formal equivalence

Bible translation is a hilarious subject! Why have I been ignoring it all this time? I’m reading this review of the ESV by Rodney J. Decker, and he quotes 2 Cor. 1:9-11 from an extremely literal translation called the Concordant Version of the Sacred Scriptures (1931):

But we have had the rescript of death in ourselves in order that we may be having no confidence in ourselves, but in God, Who rouses the dead, Who rescues us from a prodigious death, and will be rescuing, on Whom we rely, that He will still be rescuing also; you also assisting together by a petition for us, that from many faces He may be thanked for us by many, for our gracious gift.

I want this translation! 😀

A little later he talks about the term dynamic equivalence, which is now out of date. It was a translation philosophy that had the goal of producing the same response in today’s readers that the text had in the original readers. But really this isn’t always what we want. Decker says, “The Corinthians, as one example, responded quite poorly to Paul’s letter which we know as 1 Corinthians!” When people say “dynamic equivalence” now, as I did in my earlier entry, what they usually mean is functional equivalence, which is what I meant. Functional equivalence tries to create a text in the target language that functions the same way, in the sense of having the same meaning, as the text in the original language.

We Christians are a funny bunch. We’re capable of great profundity at times and great silliness at others. I think this is because we’re idealists and have a very complex set of beliefs and goals. These many beliefs and goals have to be fit together and balanced carefully—and also fit into our non-theological observations about the world, such as about human language—or it can be very easy to get way off track.

Take the idea of a literal translation. One of our goals is to take the Bible very seriously and get as close to its true meaning as possible. Yet we have to translate it into other languages, which threatens to pull us away from the meaning as it was set out in the original languages. So some of us get it into our heads that if we use one English word per Greek or Hebrew word and stick as close as possible to the original word order, we can rest assured that we’ll have an accurate and hence worthwhile translation. But Greek and Hebrew aren’t built like English, so if this philosophy is applied anywhere close to consistently, the reader has to slog through passages like the above! The goal of reflecting the original languages has to somehow coexist with the goal of actually communicating the meaning to your readers.

It is in this spirit of fun that I bring up (what I see as) problems with the ESV and in fact many other issues that I talk about. Most things aren’t a matter of life and death for me. I mainly observe and write about them for my own amusement and as a way to learn about the issues involved. In this case, for one, examining the ESV seems like a good way to get myself back into the original languages.

The reason English Bible translations aren’t a grave issue for me is that I think almost all of them are basically accurate. You’re not going to find out that Jesus really isn’t God by reading the NIV or that salvation is really by works. That’s ridiculous. Just find a translation you like and use it.

I don’t think that evaluating Bible translations is a binary decision—either the translation is right or it’s wrong. It’s all a matter of degree and to a large extent personal preference. This is especially true because the Bible contains about 31,000 verses. It would make more sense to say a particular version is 98% or 99% accurate based on the number of verses it gets right. Not that translation accuracy is a cut-and-dried issue in the first place.

In any case, the point is that since modern Bible translations are on a continuum from acceptable to pretty darn good and I have recourse to the original languages anyway, I feel free to treat the whole thing as a leisure activity and source of entertainment.

Annnd I don’t like to see people gush about something that I don’t think is that great, so poking a few holes in people’s balloons is another motivation. Okay? I admitted it.

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To all music industry executives

I was just looking at the Netflix new releases, and they have all these videos of music concerts, both popular and classical. I thought those would probably be boring. And I realized, what the world needs is music videos of classical music!! 😀 That would be so interesting. Something like Fantasia but live action, like normal music videos. Many of those would of course be a lot longer than the average and kind of expensive to produce, but it might get people into the genre. 🙂 The world of classical music is suffering financially right now, I hear. Nobody listens to it anymore.

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My translation collection

Lately I’ve become interested in English Bible translations. It started a few weeks ago when I was looking online for opinions on the ESV and found the Better Bibles Blog. They have a lot to say about the ESV that’s basically along the lines I’ve been thinking, except that they’ve thought a lot more about it (not an unusual occurrance for me).

The translation I’ve used for ages is the NIV, and during that time I didn’t really give other translations much thought. When the ESV came out, it was just another one that I didn’t really care about. It sort of got my attention when I heard John Piper’s sermon explaining why Bethlehem Baptist Church was making it their official translation, but I still pretty much ignored it.

What really piqued my interest was my brother’s curious habits during church. At the time we both attended an Anglican church that used the ESV in its liturgy, and often during the Scripture readings I would see him circling phrases in the reading printed in the worship guide. I thought he was being spiritual until I asked him one day what he was doing, and he told me he was marking awkward wordings. Linguistic analysis—I should have known!

His opinion is that although the goal of the ESV translators was to sound elegant, they ended up just sounding weird. In a later conversation he gave me an example that he thinks epitomizes the problem, Acts 26:29: “And Paul said, ‘Whether short or long, I would to God that not only you but also all who hear me this day might become such as I am—except for these chains.'” “I would to God”? Who says that?? In fact, my brother wonders if it was a mistake, though I doubt it. When he first brought it up, I defended the wording because I could make sense of it (Googling “I would that” gives 248,000 results, and “I would to God” gives 47,100); but the syntax is archaic, so the real question is whether that’s the right kind of wording to use in a modern English translation. The Greek doesn’t demand it. The word euchomai is used in six other places and is translated in the ESV as “pray” or “wish,” either of which would work fine in this verse.

This feature of the ESV intrigued me because clear communication and usability are very important to me, and reading Rudolph Flesch’s The Art of Plain Talk several years ago made me an advocate of using plain language for most purposes. The ESV raises all kinds of interesting issues relating to readability and accuracy, and its growing popularity, at least in certain circles, makes it especially worth studying.

Then I came across Wayne Leman’s posts at the Better Bibles Blog, and that launched me into an uncharacteristic interest in Bible translation. I’ve been collecting them. I already had the NIV, KJV, NKJV, NASB, NLT, and TNIV, and I picked up God’s Word (yes, there’s a translation called that), the ESV, HCSB, and CEV. The less cheap ones I’d like to get are the NRSV (in the form of the HarperCollins Study Bible, because it was produced by the Society for Biblical Literature and I thought evangelicals had a monopoly on study Bibles!) and the NET, which I like because it has 60,000 translator’s notes.

My focus in studying Bible translation is kind of narrow. I’m interested in the broad issues of formal vs. dynamic equivalence, naturalness, and accuracy in translation; the suitability of a translation for particular purposes; the relationship between the goals of the translators, their methods, and their results; and in translation as an instance of exegesis, because as Scott Hafemann says, “All translation is interpretation!”

I don’t care about the gender inclusive language debate, which is one of the main points of contention in modern English Bible translation. There’s a whole battle over it between the ESV and the TNIV. I tend to be totally uninterested in and somewhat annoyed by hot button issues in society, and this is just one more example. So I won’t be talking much about that aspect of things, though I may discuss it briefly in connection with the idea of accuracy.

Right now I’m paying the most attention to three versions, the ESV, the CEV, and the HCSB. The ESV because it’s such an interesting case study of a bunch of different issues. The CEV caught my eye because it scored the highest in Wayne Leman’s naturalness study. I also encountered it in my through-the-Bible listening plan. For most of it I’m using the NIV Audio Bible Dramatized (unfortunately), but in between the testaments I paused to listen to 1 Maccabees for some historical perspective. I happened to find an audio version of the book in the public library’s holdings on NetLibrary, and it happened to be in the CEV. It turned out to be a very pleasant experience. I was impressed by the clarity of the translation, how smoothly it flowed through the ears and into the mind, and in fact that’s exactly what the translators intended for it. So the CEV became another focus in my translation investigations. Then I read that the HCSB, which I had had only minimal exposure to, was translated with similar goals to the ESV and did a pretty good job of it, so I’m looking at the HCSB as another way of doing a literal and readable translation. And as an alternative to the ESV, which leads me to my next point.

I used to wonder why there were so many English Bible translations and wasn’t it all kind of pointless, but now I think it makes reading the Bible more interesting. I like to see the different ways people have come up with to render the text. But it’s good to have a “home base,” so that’s another reason I’m looking at these different translations, to see what else is out there besides the versions I’ve always used and to make a switch if it seems like a good idea. Since translation is such an inexact science, I think it’s good to have different versions for different purposes, since different translators had different goals that guided their translation decisions. Right now for Bible study, if I’m too lazy to use the original languages, I’d still use the good ol’ NASB. It’s straightforwardly literal. A Bible for reading and memorizing is more what I’m searching for. The NIV is okay, but I want to see my other options.

So that’s been my latest hobby. We’ll see how long that lasts! My interests usually shift before I can make good progress on a project. It’s kind of depressing. But anyway, I have plans for this project.

I should warn you that, if I make any progress in my plans, I’ll be criticizing the ESV quite a bit, as you could guess. But my opinion of it is in process. In spite of my preference for plain language, I think there’s a place for a high art Bible. And I think it might work well as a preaching Bible, which is John Piper’s primary use for it. When it’s being preached from, the preacher can clear up any strange wordings that pop up. As a reading Bible, I’m not so sure it’s the best choice. It depends on your preferences and experience in Bible reading. And I probably wouldn’t use it for evangelism! Unless maybe I were bringing them into a church in which the language was explained.

Even if a literary Bible is a fine goal, there’s the question of whether the translators have succeeded in reaching it. Not that I’m especially qualified to say; I’m an utter novice when it comes to literary style (something to learn about during this study!). But I am a native English speaker, and I can at least record and analyze my own reactions to the text, and maybe others will share them.

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Conversations and experiments

So it’s been a couple of weeks since I posted OBAC, and I wanted to give you a progress report.

First, I’ve come up with a shorter version for people who don’t know me and don’t have time to read 25 pages (note that if you do know me, you still have to read the original even if you don’t have time, heh heh). It’s only 5 pages, and it’s here. I liken it to a technical drawing rendered with a paint roller, but it’ll give you a general idea of what I’m thinking.

One of my hopes in writing the essay was that it would spark some interesting conversations and thought processes. I love writing something and giving it to multiple people and then getting feedback that comes from their differing perspectives. It generates so much interesting interaction. It also reminds me that nobody is completely independent; you’re always influenced by contributions from others. So with that in mind, I’ll give you the highlights of the conversations I’ve had so far.

My friend from my old job April, who gets the award for being the first person to read the essay other than the people who read the earlier draft, e-mailed me asking why I felt I needed to stay an inerrantist, and she explained the view she picked up in seminary, the idea that God uses fallible humans to accomplish his goals and that this fallibility extends to the Bible. The Bible is authoritative only in the things it intends to teach, and it generally doesn’t intend to teach history and science. This is something I’ve considered, and I haven’t ruled it out.

My TWeb friend Rob reminded me that the resurrection is the key issue in Christianity, along with the general reliability of the Gospels. The general authority of the Bible is secondary, even though I list it first in my “things to study.” I recognized later that the reason I’m more focused on inspiration is that that’s what I’m doubting. I’m not really doubting the resurrection. But it’s a good idea to shore up on the basics, so I decided to give it some study and picked up off my shelf William Lane Craig’s Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus. I’m 66 pages into it. Rob also reminded me that it’s not too good to sit around in doubt (he wasn’t exactly making that point, but that’s what I took from it). I agree, but then that’s why I wrote the essay.

My mom was concerned that I might be overintellectualizing. She and I probably have different definitions of that term, but I agree that it’s possible to do. Overintellectualizing happens when (1) you spend all your time thinking about something that’s meant to be lived and never get around to the living part, thus missing the point; (2) you give equal weight to every conceivable question about a thing and put off making decisions about it until you’ve answered them all; or (3) you think about a livable topic only on an abstract level and overlook the information that can come from experience, thus getting off track because you don’t have all the relevant data; and there are probably others. I’ll try not to do any of those.

As a side note, I don’t consider it overintellectualizing when you simply think more than necessary about something. Some people just like to think, and if they’re not neglecting other important parts of life, why should they restrict themselves? Of course, the question is what the important parts of life are, and the people who like to think will have a different answer from the people who don’t.

She was also concerned by the fact that I couldn’t assure her that I’d come out all right (as in with my Christianity intact). Well, that’s the nature of doubt! To be fair, I had only just told her about the essay, so she hadn’t read it yet.

The most significant conversation has been with my coworker Don. He subscribes to a combined John Calvin/Jonathan Edwards view that God authenticates himself through his Word and that the sign of being saved is that when you read his Word, you see and love God’s beauty and truth. So he asked me what kinds of experiences of God I’d had, because I give the impression in my essay that I haven’t had any. I don’t know if I’ve had any true, spontaneous experiences of God, but I have had some noteworthy experiences of worship, so as our conversation progressed I began remembering those and relating them.

And I realized that of the few spiritual things I’ve tried, the Edwards/John Piper variety is one I’d like to return to. It feels the deepest and most genuine, as opposed to the more charismatic things I tried to get into. Those may work perfectly well for other people, but they don’t make a good starting place for me. The main problem I have going the Piper route is that while I love the idea of the finding our joy in God, etc., I can only really appreciate it in the abstract. When I try to think about the details and figure out what it all means—what exactly is God’s glory, and how do I find my fulfillment in it?—I get lost and back away from it. But anyway, that’s the direction I’d like to take my spiritual life. Maybe later I’ll branch out into other areas.

Don recommended that I read the Bible and look for the sense of God’s truth and beauty as I read. I had had the same idea, so the next day I tried it. I mean, I’ve been listening to the whole Bible on CD, but it hasn’t really been for the same purpose. I somewhat randomly turned to 1 Chronicles 10-11. I could have read Paul, but that would have been too easy; it’s easy to get a sense of God’s glory when Paul talks about it so constantly. I wanted to see what I could come up with in some other section of the Bible. So I picked David.

What I found, ironically, was a difficulty (the inerrantist’s term for a contradiction) and something that sounded legendary. That doesn’t usually happen; I’m usually oblivious to those things. But this time I noticed. The difficulty was that in 1 Chron. 10:3-5 Saul kills himself by falling on his sword. In 2 Sam. 1:1-16 a man tells David that Saul asked him to kill him, so he did, and then David had the man killed for killing the king. So which was it? On the other hand, 1 Sam. 31:3-5 agrees with 1 Chronicles. So I guess the guy was lying to David, which turned out to be a dumb idea.

The legendary-sounding material was the description of David’s warriors. One of them, Jashobeam, killed 300 people with a spear, apparently all in the same battle. It takes a long time just to count to 300. It’s hard to believe anyone has the stamina to battle that many people at once and win. But maybe it means something else. Or maybe he really did and it was a miracle.

The interesting thing is that I didn’t care, even if both a contradiction and a legend were involved. For me it didn’t take away from the fact that God had set David up as king to be the shepherd of God’s people (11:2). I’m not sure it’s good to approach the Bible that way—falsehoods galore but still authoritative—but that’s the way I felt at the time. But apart from that, I didn’t get any overwhelming sense of God’s self-authentication. Maybe another time.

That day I also decided to try something that John Ortberg talked about in one of Doing Life Together lessons, which is a DVD and study guide series my small group is doing. It’s related somehow to the Purpose-Driven Life. Ortberg’s talk was about spending a day with Jesus, and he took the viewers through various parts of a day and how they might be carried out devotionally.

So I tried paying more attention to Jesus throughout my day, and right at the beginning I gained some insight into one of my questions. I’ve always had trouble knowing how to view God in light of the fact that he sends his children both blessings and hardships. I guess I have a hard time trusting people after they’ve hurt me. With God I’m always waiting for the next blow, even though my life generally goes smoothly. But I never really thought that way about my parents growing up, which was the source of my insight.

I was thinking about my terrific job and thanking God for that gift, and I realized that in a relationship there’s sort of a hierarchy of interactions. With my parents, I fundamentally thought of them as loving and only occasionally as disciplinary. So with God I can think of the side of him that wants to give good gifts to his children and build them up as the fundamental part of the relationship. Then the part of God that needs to be harsh to remove sin I can think of as something temporary that occurs on top of the more fundamental part. I think viewing it that way would free me to concentrate on understanding and experiencing the positive side of the relationship, which is something I’ve often shied away from because I knew it could be interrupted at any time by God’s anger and disapproval.

I managed to return to prayer and thoughts of Jesus the rest of the day, and I guess it made a difference. I certainly felt closer to him, since I was talking to him more often. I felt serene all day too, maybe a little more than normal, though I can’t say for sure.

John Ortberg says that if you can spend one day with Jesus, then you can spend every day with him. Well, it’s not as easy as that because it can be hard to get into a routine, etc., but technically it’s true. If two days are basically alike, then generally anything you do in one you can do in the other. In my case it became harder after the first day because (1) I forgot about it until later in the day and (2) I discovered I don’t have much to think about Jesus about. My thoughts toward him, when I don’t have time to dig into them and come up with something profound and specific, end up being just sort of a vague notion of Jesus with the vague sense of communing with him. That just won’t do. So I need to figure out how to integrate Jesus with everyday life, like Ortberg did some of in the video.

That Sunday I thought about one of the spiritual practices I recalled during my conversation with Don. For a while during college I would try to get a sense of the fact that God was real. He wasn’t just something we talked and sang about. In the spiritual realm and all around us there actually is an all-knowing, all-powerful, holy Supreme Being who is right now receiving the worship of countless angels and saints. I can’t really convey this sense in writing. It’s like learning to raise one eyebrow—you’ll just have to try it out in different ways until you get it. What often happened when I succeeded in thinking this way is that I quickly became overwhelmed. The reality of God seemed so intense that I had to back out of that frame of mind after only a second. Other times it wasn’t so intense and I could simply marvel at it.

That’s one of the things I wanted to return to, so I decided to try it again. The problem was that I’m not satisfied with thinking about God abstractly anymore, and a lot of spiritual concepts don’t make much sense to me right now when I think about the details. But since I can get excited about some of them at a more abstract level, I decided to make a strategy of it. During worship I would imagine the reality of whatever I could at whatever level of detail or abstraction I could get enthusiastic about. If the details weren’t making sense, I would back up and think about the more general concept.

And you know, it worked! And it really made a difference in the way I experienced the whole worship service. I felt like I was giving God a little more of his due, and I felt enlivened. But I noticed that it was much easier to enter this God-as-real mindset while singing than while, say, listening to Scripture being read. Still, it’s a step.

Since then not much has happened in terms of conversations and experiments (good, because this was getting long!), but I’ll keep you posted.

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RssReader is my friend again

I figured out what was causing RssReader to eat up 50% of my CPU (which it was, by the way). It was my huge storage file, which it turned out was impossible even for metapad to open, which never happens. I don’t know if it was the size or something in the file, but I deleted it and started over from scratch, and now the program runs perfectly. 🙂 It still has some minor design annoyances, but those can be overlooked for now. I’m just so glad it’s working because none of the other readers I was looking at did things the way I wanted them to. I am very lazy. I want my feed reader to give me one long page with all my unread articles, sorted by source. FeedReader kind of did that but didn’t seem to want to sort them properly. Maybe it just didn’t like my computer. Anyway, everyone get RssReader and keep up with the news and all your favorite sites (such as this one! :). And don’t store your articles forever. Let them expire, or they’ll eat up your CPU. That’s not a threat; it’s just a fact.

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Ooh, I have subscribers now

It really changes things to know you have a specific audience. I’m not just writing to empty air now. And now I feel like all my entries have to be significant so I’m not filling people’s inboxes with meaningless drivel. No! I won’t submit! My blog shall be as mundane as it has been! And just to demonstrate my point, this entry shall be devoid of substance!

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E-mail notification

If you want to keep up with the happenings on my site (supposing there are some), but you don’t want to check it every day and you don’t use RSS for some reason, you can sign up to receive an e-mail whenever my blog is updated, which is where I put my site updates plus other entries. Just type your e-mail address into the field at the bottom of this page, click Subscribe, and you’ll get a confirmation e-mail with a URL that you’ll have to click to verify your address, and then you’ll be subscribed! The blog update e-mails you receive will have an unsubscribe link in case you ever get tired of hearing from me.

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The comments are back!

You may now comment. The problem was some code in my comments file that the WordPress upgrading instructions didn’t cover. So I just used the default comments template and changed the content to match my old one. Somehow my faithful spammer(s) were still able to leave comments for me to moderate even when the comments weren’t working.

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The current state of my faith

After eight-and-a-half months of writing, rewriting, distraction, and procrastination, I finally present to you … my essay!

On Being an Agnostic Christian

Warning: It’s long, about 14,300 words, but there’s a summary near the beginning. And as you can guess by the title, it might not be entirely pleasant to read if you’re a Christian, but not entirely unpleasant either, I hope. If you know me, please read it. There will be a test. If you don’t know me, you can read it too, and I won’t even give you the test.

Well, that is certainly a weight off my mind. I never thought I’d say this, but I’m kind of tired of self-analysis right now. I’m ready to learn actual things, stuff that’s out there in the world and not just in my head.

Next up: working comments, e-mail notification, and an attempt at a partial redesign.

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The e-mail notification is coming

I’ve been making progress on the e-mail notification plugin. I actually got it installed! Now I need to make everything look the way I want it, and then you’ll be able to sign up.

While I was working on that, I noticed that my comments aren’t working. You can’t even read the comments that are already there, let alone add your own (that rhymes :). I’ll fix that soon too. For now you’ll have to e-mail me if you have anything to say.

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